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英文Essay代写中的常见错误

  英语Essay写作中国留学生需要掌握的一个技能,一篇文笔简洁优雅的Essay对于提高分数会有很大帮助。但目前的情况是,很多人并没有受过专门的学术Essay写作训练,在写Essay时经常会出现各种各样的语言问题。今天的文章主要谈一谈英文Essay代写中的常见错误,希望对你有所帮助。

  总体来说,学术Essay写作跟其他类型的英文写作一样,都要遵循清晰简洁的原则,这一原则主要有以下体现:

  1.主动语态与被动语态

  英文中的主动语态特点是简洁有力,动作发出者明确,而被动语态特点是较为冗长且有时候看不出动作的发出者是谁(比如Measures should be taken to address this issue.从这个句子里面我们无法确定应该是谁采取行动)。在Essay写作中,很多地方都要明确指出动作的发出主体(比如实验是谁操作的,数据是谁测量的),且语言要尽可能简洁。因此,Essay写作中应该多使用主动语态。

  类似下面的句子:

  (1)Consideration of whether countries work well on cross-border issues such as immigration was undertaken by Raul(2007).

  (2)Identification of poor food,bad housing,inadequate hygiene,and large families as the major causes of poverty was made by Jones(2005).

  应该改为:

  (1)Raul(2007)considered whether or not countries work well on cross-border issues such as immigration.

  (2)Jones(2005)identified poor food,bad housing,inadequate hygiene,and large families as the major causes of poverty.

  那么有没有需要使用被动语态的情况呢?

  有。当我们无法明确动作的发出者,或者需要强调动作本身而不是强调动作发出者的时候,就可以使用被动语态。比如:

  (1)Up to 90%of the energy in light bulbs is wasted in the form of heat.

  (2)The first edition of Freud’s earliest writings on dreams was published in 1899.

  第一个句子里面waste这个动作的发出者无法明确(也没必要明确),第二个句子里面谁出版了Freud的作品并不重要,因此也没有必要使用主动语态来说明出版商是谁。

  2.比较句

  我们知道,在英语比较句中有时候可以省略被比较主体后面的动词,比如:

  On average,men are taller than women are.

  可以省略为:

  On average,men are taller than women.

  但这种省略有时候会造成歧义,举个例子:

  Women prefer friendly doctors more than men do.

  如果我们将do省略的话,会变成:

  Women prefer friendly doctors more than men.

  此时句子会产生歧义,因为它可以有两种不同的理解:

  Women prefer friendly doctors more than men prefer friendly doctors.女人比男人更喜欢友善的医生。

  Women prefer friendly doctors more than they prefer men.比起喜欢男人,女人更喜欢友善的医生。

  为了避免歧义,我们应该保持比较句型形式上的完整。类似这样的句子:

  (1)The finance department focuses on profits more than the human resources department.

  (2)Country A funds high-tech innovation more than Country B.

  应该改为:

  (1)The finance department focuses on profits more than the human resources department does.

  (2)Country A funds high-tech innovation more than Country B does.